Gender Roles in the Workplace — Who Wins Praise for Assertiveness?
Research studying the effects of agentic behavior on women has focused almost exclusively on White women, with few studies examining the effect on Black females. A recent study by Livingston, Rosette, and Washington aims to fill this gap in the literature. The scientists found that Black women get social approval for being assertive and aggressive leaders. But the researchers suggest that Black women may face additional barriers to advancement, and that more research is needed to better understand the complex interaction of gender, race, and the workplace.
Articles from APS journals related to this finding:
Research on Gender Roles on the Job
Women may opt out of STEM careers because STEM careers are perceived as less likely to fulfill communal goals.
It’s possible that workplace (and societal) barriers for women are hidden by the American assumption that actions are a product of choice; the assumption implies the existence of an equal-opportunity workplace in which behavior is free from contextual influence.
Constructed Criteria: Redefining Merit to Justify Discrimination (Psychological Science, 2005)
Participants assigned male and female applicants to gender-stereotypical jobs. However they didn’t view male and female applicants as having different strengths and weaknesses. Instead, they redefined the criteria for success at the job as requiring the specific credentials that a candidate of the desired gender happened to have.
When people in gender-incongruent roles (e.g., female police chiefs or male women’s college presidents) make a mistake, the consequences are steeper than for people in gender-congruent roles.
Science on Ethnicity and Perceptions
Impact of Racism on Ethnic Minority Mental Health (Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2009)
The author reviews recent developments in experimental psychology and multicultural psychology and suggests promising approaches for the future.
Scientists constructed arbitrary, novel, and mixed-race groups to clarify the role of the neural substrates involved in perceptual and affective in-group biases.
Studies on Workplace Dynamics
Status and the Evaluation of Workplace Deviance (Psychological Science, 2009)
A set of studies showed that, in the workplace, high status decreased rule observance and increased preferences for social hierarchy. Higher-status evaluators were more discriminating in their evaluations of workplace misbehavior, evaluating fellow higher-status deviants more leniently than lower-status deviants. This was true of both high achieved status and high ascribed status (i.e., race and gender).
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams, (Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2006)
Teams effect our life and are important for well-being. The authors aim to sift through the voluminous literature on teams to identify what we know about teams, what we think we know, and what we need to know in order to make groups and teams more effective.
A psychological scientist asks how diversity helps teams, how diversity hurts teams, and how managers can make teams effective.
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