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New Research From <em>Clinical Psychological Science</em>
Read about the latest research published in Clinical Psychological Science: Personality Predicts Individual Variation in Fear Learning: A Multilevel Growth Modeling Approach Femke J. Gazendam, Jan H. Kamphuis, Annemarie Eigenhuis, Hilde M. H. Huizenga, Marieke Soeter, Marieke G. N. Bos, Dieuwke Sevenster, and Merel Kindt Studies examining fear learning have generally focused on average responses and have treated individual variation as noise.
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Sometimes, Early Birds Are Too Early
The New York Times: Since the advent of the deadline, procrastinators have suffered society’s barbs for putting off until later what needs doing now. But it turns out that many people appear to be finishing things sooner than they need to get them done. They are “precrastinators,” researchers say. “There is an overwhelming tendency to precrastinate,” according to a paper published in May in the journal Psychological Science. The behavior might include answering trivial emails, for example, or paying bills far ahead of time. “It’s an irrational choice,” the paper said, but it also reflects the significant trade-offs people make to keep from feeling overwhelmed.
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Practice makes… some difference
The Boston Globe: IN HIS BEST-SELLING BOOK “Outliers,” Malcolm Gladwell popularized the notion—based on a 1993 article in a psychology journal—that top performers were mainly differentiated by extensive practice (10,000+ hours), and not innate ability. However, a new analysis of dozens of studies on the matter does “not support these strong claims,” finding instead that “practice explained 26% of the variance in performance for games, 21% for music, 18% for sports, 4% for education, and less than 1% for professions.” The importance of practice was particularly reduced for activities with low predictability, and when practice and performance were measured more objectively.
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How Tests Make Us Smarter
The New York Times: TESTS have a bad reputation in education circles these days: They take time, the critics say, put students under pressure and, in the case of standardized testing, crowd out other educational priorities. But the truth is that, used properly, testing as part of an educational routine provides an important tool not just to measure learning, but to promote it. In one study I published with Jeffrey D. Karpicke, a psychologist at Purdue, we assessed how well students remembered material they had read. After an initial reading, students were tested on some passages by being given a blank sheet of paper and asked to recall as much as possible.
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Is Postpartum Depression a Disease of Modern Civilization?
In the current issue of The New Yorker, Elizabeth Kolbert describes her family’s brief and not entirely successful experiment with the Paleolithic diet. Her account is humorous, but it also explores some of the science underlying this popular style of eating, which basically avoids everything but meat, tubers and fresh fruits and vegetables. The idea behind “Paleo” meals and menus is to get back to the healthier diet that our ancient ancestors consumed before the advent of agriculture, which has led to all sorts of dietary and lifestyle changes—and to a host of modern diseases.
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The troubling flaws in how we select experts
The Washington Post: Organizations are constantly scouring the earth for the talent or perfect expert that will provide the fresh edge and perspective needed to overcome the challenging obstacles that stand in their way to the top. In their pursuit of excellence however, you may be shocked to learn the criteria they use to define credibility and expertise may be severely flawed. Many of us can think to a time we made a recommendation to a boss, superior or heck, even a family member only to be completely brushed off. I know I’ve been in this boat before. It’s frustrating, but the problem goes beyond simple indifference. Almost 25 percent of workers are ignored at work.
