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Weight Gain Linked With Personality Trait Changes
People who gain weight are more likely to give in to temptations but also are more thoughtful about their actions, according to a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. To understand how fluctuations in body weight might relate to personality changes, psychological scientist Angelina Sutin of the Florida State University College of Medicine and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) examined data from two large-scale longitudinal studies of Baltimore residents. “We know a great deal about how personality traits contribute to weight gain,” said Sutin.
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As College Applications Rise, So Does Indecision
TIME: Welcome to Decision Day, when high school seniors choose which college to attend and send in deposits to secure their place. It’s supposed to be the fun part — the reward for all those long nights spent writing papers, cramming for tests and putting the finishing touches on science projects. But with more students applying to a larger number of schools than ever before, the May 1 deadline to formally accept an offer of admission from just one of those colleges comes with its own set of anxieties. ... Applying to more schools just makes everything worse,” says Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Lessand a psychology professor at Swarthmore College.
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Fearful expressions help pin-point danger
The Telegraph: Researchers found that the expressions people pull when they are frightened enlarge their visual field whilst simultaneously signalling to others around them where to look for threats. Therefore the expressions are functional in ways that directly benefit both the person who makes the expression and the person who observes it, it is claimed. The findings show that widened eyes provide a wider visual field which can help us to locate potential threats in our environment. These widened eyes also help to send a clearer gaze signal telling observers to "look there" - which may enhance their ability to locate the same threat, as well.
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Are Doctors Diagnosing Too Many Kids with ADHD?
Scientific American: A German children's book from 1845 by Heinrich Hoffman featured “Fidgety Philip,” a boy who was so restless he would writhe and tilt wildly in his chair at the dinner table. Once, using the tablecloth as an anchor, he dragged all the dishes onto the floor. Yet it was not until 1902 that a British pediatrician, George Frederic Still, described what we now recognize as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since Still's day, the disorder has gone by a host of names, including organic drivenness, hyperkinetic syndrome, attention-deficit disorder and now ADHD.
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Why We Don’t See Ourselves as Others Do
Discovery News: In a recent Dove ad, an FBI forensic artist sketched a series of women based purely on the way they described themselves and again as others described them. The artist could only hear their voices, not see their faces. A video about the experiment, which has been viewed on YouTube more than 22 million times and counting, revealed stark difference between the way the women saw themselves and the way others saw them. Across the board, the self-described portraits were the least attractive -- suggesting, according to the Dove marketing team, that we are all more beautiful than we think we are. So, why can’t we see ourselves as we really are? ...
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New Research From Psychological Science
Read about the latest research published in Psychological Science. The Curse of Planning: Dissecting Multiple Reinforcement-Learning Systems by Taxing the Central Executive A. Ross Otto, Samuel J. Gershman, Arthur B. Markman, and Nathaniel D. Daw Under what conditions do individuals rely on model-based rather than model-free reinforcement-learning systems? The researchers had participants complete a multistep choice paradigm. On some trials, participants had to simultaneously perform a secondary task designed to tax working memory resources.
