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Violence and Its Origins
A panel at the 2014 APS Annual Convention, to be held May 22–25 in San Francisco, California, will explore the questions asked in such research, including whether there are evolutionary reasons behind our destructive past and whether there might be predictors of what kind of person is most prone to violence. Speakers include: APS Fellow John T. Monahan, University of Virginia. His research has focused on mental health law. APS Fellow Adrian Raine, University of Pennsylvania. He studies antisocial behavior from social, developmental, and neuroscience perspectives. Matthew K. Nock, Harvard University.
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Infants Know Plants Provide Food, but Need to See They’re Safe to Eat
Infants as young as six months old tend to expect that plants are food sources, but only after an adult shows them that the food is safe to eat, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The findings show that, after watching an adult put part of a plant and part of a man-made object in her mouth, infants at 6- and 18-months of age preferentially identify the plant as the food source.
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Altruistic Acts More Common in States With High Well-Being
People are much more likely to decide to donate a kidney to a stranger — an extraordinarily altruistic act — in areas of the United States where levels of well-being are high, researchers find.
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The Option to Quit Can Make You More Determined
Stephen King’s novel, Carrie, was rejected 30 times before it finally got published — and launched a legendary literary career. Thomas Edison failed thousands of time before he finally perfected the light bulb. Most of us aren’t aiming to create a revolutionary invention or get a novel published. But we all have professional goals, and will face at least some degree of failure or hardship in achieving them. In some cases, we have no choice but to keep trying. Giving up on a complex project you’ve been assigned at work could cost you your job.
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Labeling Obesity as a Disease May Have Psychological Costs
Messages that describe obesity as a disease may undermine healthy behaviors and beliefs among obese individuals, according to a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The findings show that obese individuals exposed to such messages placed less importance on health-focused dieting and reported less concern about weight. These beliefs, in turn, predicted unhealthier food choices.
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Gossip and Ostracism May Have Hidden Group Benefits
Conventional wisdom holds that gossip and social exclusion are always malicious, undermining trust and morale in groups. But sharing this kind of "reputational information" could have benefits for society, according to a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Robb Willer, an associate professor of sociology at Stanford University, explored the nature of gossip and ostracism in collaboration with co-authors Matthew Feinberg, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford, and Michael Schultz from the University of California–Berkeley.